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Price channels, also known as trading channels, are a popular tool used in technical analysis to study the trend of an asset’s prices over time. They are formed by two parallel lines, one upper (resistance) and one lower (support), that act as a “limit” to the asset’s price movement and indicate potential changes in trend. If the price breaks through the upper or lower level, it may indicate a change in trend direction.

There are different types of price channels based on the trend they show, such as horizontal channels which indicate a stable price and no change in trend, ascending channels which indicate an upward trend, and descending channels which indicate a downward trend. Traders can use this tool to make buying or selling decisions by observing the asset’s position within the channel.

One of the most commonly used price channels is the moving average channel, which is based on moving averages of the prices. Another popular one is the linear regression channel, which uses a simple linear regression of prices over time. Additionally, Bollinger Bands, a widely used technical indicator, also function as a type of price channel. These channels can provide useful information for traders to make informed decisions and anticipate market movements.

Emilio Botín (1934-2014) was a Spanish businessman who was the president of Banco Santander. He was born into a family of bankers and was able to turn a small regional bank into the largest bank in Spain. During his tenure as president of Banco Santander, he demonstrated a broad vision for business, as well as an ability to anticipate future trends and an aggressive approach to business.

Botín’s early years and first steps in Banco Santander

Born in 1934 in the city of Santander, Emilio Botín graduated in Law and Economics from the University of Deusto. On the day of his birth, his father was appointed as the director of Banco Santander. During his tenure as director, his father was able to make the financial institution the most important in Cantabria, but was not able to make it the largest bank in Spain.

In 1958, Emilio Botín began working at Banco Santander, where he developed professionally in the central services. Two years later, he occupied the position of counselor and in 1964 became the general director. He also became a member of the executive committee.

His rise in the company was fast, taking on roles of increasing responsibility. In 1977, he became CEO and vice-president. His meteoric rise culminated in 1986, when he became president of the financial institution.

When he took over Banco Santander, Emilio Botín found that it was the smallest of the seven major Spanish financial institutions. However, Botín wanted to make Santander the most important bank in Spain.

Internationalization

Two years after Emilio Botín became president of Banco Santander, the merger between banks Bilbao and Vizcaya took place. Other major competitors in the Spanish banking sector were Banco Central, Banesto, and Banco Hispano Americano.

However, in 1988, Emilio Botín made a valuable move by forming an alliance with the Royal Bank of Scotland. Although it was a medium-sized bank in the United Kingdom, it later became the fifth largest bank in the world by market value. This alliance allowed Santander to gain an international profile.

Botín, who was more inclined towards acquisitions than mergers, purchased the German bank Bankhaus Centrale Credit in 1987. As part of his expansion strategy, he also acquired banks in Latin America, such as Banco Santiago in Chile, and Banco Real in Brazil.

During his tenure as president of Banco Santander, Emilio Botín was able to increase the bank’s assets, profits, and number of customers. His vision and leadership played a key role in making Banco Santander one of the largest and most successful banks in the world. He passed away in Madrid in 2014.

John D. Rockefeller, Sr. was a highly successful and controversial American businessman and investor. He was the founder of the Standard Oil Company, and through his efforts in the oil industry, he was able to secure a monopoly, making him one of the wealthiest men of the 19th century.

John D. Rockefeller’s contributions to philanthropy were significant, but he was also heavily criticized for the strategies he employed to build his fortune. Therefore, he was considered one of the so-called “robber barons”, businessmen with little ethics when it came to doing business.

Rockefeller’s early beginnings in business started at a young age. Born in 1839 in Richford, New York, he soon became interested in the world of business. At the young age of twelve, he loaned $50 to a neighbor at 7% interest, and was immediately impressed by the return on the investment. This was when he realized the potential for wealth that the lending business had to offer.

After working for a time as an accountant for Hewitt and Tuttle in Cleveland, he decided that it was time to start his own business. Along with Maurice Clark, he embarked on a business venture as a commission agent in the agricultural sector. The business was made possible in part by the money his father loaned him at an annual interest rate of 10%.

The business soon began to generate profits. In 1861, the United States was in the midst of a civil war and the government significantly increased its demand for food to supply the troops. This provided substantial commissions for Maurice Clark and John D. Rockefeller, who made $4,400 in profits in their first year as agricultural product commission agents.

The key to Rockefeller’s success was the oil industry. In 1863, in the northwest of the state of Pennsylvania, drilling contractor Edwin Drake discovered a high-quality oil deposit. It was then that chemist Samuel Andrews convinced Rockefeller to invest in the oil sector, creating the Andrews Clark & Co. partnership.

Despite initial setbacks and being forced to take out a loan to continue in the oil business, Rockefeller did not give up. While other companies wasted the byproducts generated in the refining process, Rockefeller’s company made use of all of the crude oil. This enabled them to produce a wide variety of products and lower the costs of refined oil.

Over time, Rockefeller was able to acquire a number of other oil refineries and transportation companies, thus consolidating the industry under the Standard Oil Company. Through a combination of efficient management, innovative business practices and aggressive acquisition strategies, he was able to build Standard Oil into one of the largest and most powerful companies in the world.

Despite being criticized for his business practices and facing numerous legal battles, Rockefeller’s business acumen and determination helped him to achieve immense wealth and success. He was able to use a significant portion of his wealth for philanthropic purposes, leaving a lasting impact on American society. He passed away in 1937, in Ormond Beach, Florida.